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Milan Model / Antidotes and Resistances
Lucia Tozzi

IN CONVERSATION WITH MICHAEL OBRIST
28.04.2026, 18:00 – HS7, Schütte-Lihotzky

Michael Obrist [feld72] in conversation with Lucia Tozzi about "Milan Model / Antidotes and Resistances"

Milan has always been “the other capital” of Italy: more productive and wealthier than Rome, but less seductive, too sober to capture the imagination. With the new millennium, the idea of a turning point began to take shape: Milan wanted to become attractive, international, luxurious, and able to compete with major metropolises like New York and Paris. To do so, it launched a communication campaign based on greenwashing and social washing, but above all an aggressive urban transformation made up of large Dubai-style projects and major events, culminating in Expo 2015. Districts such as Porta Nuova and CityLife took shape; the last empty spaces, such as former railway yards, were privatized and earmarked for large-scale development; and major financial investment was drawn into existing buildings.

The impact on the city has been devastating: the displacement of poor residents and the middle class has been much faster than usual, because Milan is a small city of 1.5 million inhabitants, or 3.5 million including the metropolitan area. In just a few years, housing prices rose dramatically and inequality increased; students and the working poor could no longer afford a home. Public housing has gradually been sold off, deliberately left without maintenance, left vacant, or handed over to companies and private operators for management. From 100,000 units in the 1970s, only 65,000 remain in Milan today, of which 15,000 are empty. Policy-makers have tried to transfer ownership to public-private companies, while promoting a model of social housing designed entirely to benefit private interests.

It is not only the right to housing that has come under attack: privatization has affected all public infrastructure—swimming pools, sports centers, libraries, public transport, museums, schools, parks. Everything is being “enhanced” in the service of luxury tourism and attractiveness, taking services and public space away from residents.

After Covid, a series of judicial scandals related to urban planning, together with the exhaustion of urban spaces available for transformation, led to a slow exodus of investors toward other cities, as well as the adoption of the same “Milan-style urban regeneration” policies in Rome, Naples, Bologna, Turin, Bari, and elsewhere.

At the same time, the protests of Milanese activists have become a model, and committees, citizen networks, and opposition groups in other cities have become quicker to recognize destructive urban policies. Movements against the America’s Cup in Bagnoli, the so-called Black Cube in Florence, the new master plan in Turin, and the fake museums in Bologna are pushing back against the spread of financialization, unequal urban growth, and the concentration of wealth. New forms of protest are calling for free public beaches and common goods, and defending parks and rewilded land. Films, comics, AI videos, and books are flourishing. More and more, projects are wavering, some are failing, and investors are withdrawing from environments they consider inhospitable.

Lucia Tozzi
Lucia Tozzi is a Milano-based journalist and urban researcher known for her incisive critiques of gentrification, tourism-driven development, and the commodification of public space. Her writing spans cultural criticism, investigative reporting, and political analysis, appearing in publications such as Il Tascabile, NERO, Altreconomia, il manifesto, and other journals. She is the editor and author of City Killers. Per una critica del turismo (2023, Libria), Dopo il turismo (2020, nottetempo), and co-author of Napoli. Contro il panorama, (2022, nottetempo), which reframes Naples as a space of potential outside the logic of global urban competition. Her work draws on radical urban theory and foregrounds the defence of the commons, democratic planning, and the rights of residents over speculative capital.

 

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